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180 profesionalek baztertu dute WSJko artikulua
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Norbaitek nahi badu bidali diezaioket testua.
Dear friends from the Wall Street Journal,
Please accept this article written, approved and signed by 180 individuals, representing
twenty different institutions, media, and universities in eight countries. We are scholars,
researchers, writers, librarians and professionals whose paramount objective is to correct
the misinformation and inaccuracies of the Keith Johnson article regarding the Basque
language. Among us, there are specialists in linguistic legislation, sociolinguistics,
minority languages and endangered languages. We also represent different aspects of
science, from nuclear physics to cellular biology and we conduct our investigations and
publish our research in Basque among other languages. One eminent politician is
included in the list, Pete T. Cenarrusa, former Secretary of State of Idaho (1967-2003) for
the Republican Party. Mr. Johnson’s piece has ignited an international network of
specialists that believe a resolute and official retraction is appropriate and required from
the Wall Street Journal out of respect to its readers and minority peoples around the
world.
We would suggest a supplementary follow-up article, based on facts and data which we
would be more than happy to facilitate from the European Union, the EBLUL, the United
Nations, the EUSTAT and numerous scholarly research projects conducted in the Basque
territories and those with minority language users around the world. Our attached
statement gives an indication of the gross errors introduced into the minds of your readers
when Mr. Johnson’s article was given front page status. The corrections and
amplifications of November 7, 8 and 15 included in the online version of the WSJ are not
sufficient; nor the article “Euskera, the Very Ancient Basque Language, Struggles for
Respect”, published on November 16. Indeed, the readers are the ones that deserve
respect. We would hope that our statement or another article be published also on the
front page, demonstrating that corrections are given equal importance to previously
published erroneous and misrepresentative stories. The WSJ must maintain its reputation
of international excellence and serve as an example of responsibility, dependability and
accuracy in journalism.
We are making a public request to you. This letter and your response to it will be
published in several American and international academic journals, in the Basque,
Catalan and other presses, and for many years to come in the future research conducted in
sociolinguistics and endangered group identity issues. We are certain the WSJ will accept
the obligation to correct itself and we look forward to collaborating and being a part of a
solution by writing a new guest article for you, or assisting Mr. Johnson in writing a
follow-up piece.
We look forward to your response and a discussion of possibilities for a positive
outcome.
Sincerely,
The Basque Language among other world wide endangered languages
Having read the article entitled “Basque Inquisition: How Do You Say Shepherd in
Euskera? Through Fiat, Separatists Bring Old Tongue to Life…” published on November
6, we enclose an answer based on the facts and the laws of the Basque Country, since it
seems that the author of the article has based it on only one biased testimony without any
further research and without a minimum knowledge of the facts.
Let’s start with the map; the article includes a really “original” map of the Basque
Country according to which the Basque Country is about 550 miles (880 kilometers)
wide. Without looking any further than Google, you will find out that the Basque
Country is not even 100 miles wide.
Now to focus on the main idea of the article: Mrs. Esquivias, a math teacher at a school in
the Basque Country, is going to be dismissed from her job if she does not learn Basque.
This is simply false.
The Spanish constitution states in its preamble that it will protect all Spaniards and
peoples of Spain in the exercise of human rights, of their culture and traditions,
languages and institutions. Article 3 states as well that:
1. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. All Spaniards have the duty
to know it and the right to use it.
2. The other Spanish languages shall also be official in the respective Self-governing
Communities in accordance with their Statutes.
3. The richness of the different linguistic modalities of Spain is a cultural heritage
which shall be specially respected and protected.
According to Spanish law, every Spanish citizen has the right and the duty to know
Spanish and only the right to know Basque, Catalan or other official languages of the
Spanish state.
In virtue of this constitutional rule and according to the Law 10/1982 of November 24, on
the normalization of the Basque language (article 14.2), the authorities will determine the
places for which it is prescriptive to know both languages (Spanish and Basque). That is
to say, there are certain positions for which it would be compulsory to know “both
languages” (Basque and Spanish). An example of these positions is “Basque language
teacher,” for which, as everyone will understand, it is compulsory to know Basque. The
law 10/1982 was reviewed and approved by the Spanish Constitutional Court, the
institution in charge of examining the adaptation of the laws to the Constitution. (Anyone
can search the resolution 82/1986, on June 26, by the constitutional court on the internet,
available only in Spanish).
The law that determines the use of both languages (Spanish and Basque) at any public job
in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) is the Basque Civil Service Law, la Ley de
Función Pública Vasca 6/1989, of June 6, according to which each one of the positions in
the Basque administration will have a “Linguistic Profile” (LP). Based on the
requirements of the job, it will be necessary or not for the person applyingfor the position
to know Basque, but it will always be compulsory to know Spanish, for it is a
constitutional requirement (article 3.1). By virtue of the requirements for each job, there
are four different LPs: LP1, LP2, LP3 and LP4 (LP1 being “no knowledge of Basque”
and LP4 being “full knowledge of Basque”). Each public job at the BAC has been
assigned an LP. It could happen that according to the requirements of the job, the
requisite linguistic profile may change from LP1 to LP2. in such a case the public officer
may either increase their proficiency in Basque or be transferred to another position in
which he/she maintains his/her LP. However, he/she would never lose his/her job.
Another serious error in Johnson’s article.
There are two fields of the BAC administration that are out of the LP system: health care
and law enforcement (police). In neither case is it required to know Basque or to have a
basic LP in Basque.
In the specific case of Mrs. Esquivias (education) there are only two existing LPs: LP1
(only Spanish is required) and LP2 (Spanish and Basque are required). In this specific
case LP2 is required when the class has to be taught in Basque (Basque language or any
other subject to be taught in Basque). The law that regulates the LPs in education is the
Decree 47/1993, of March 9, and anyone can find it in the internet
(http://www.euskadi.net/cgiin_k54/ver_c?CMD=VERDOC&BASE=B03J&DOCN=0000
09334&CONF=/config/k54/bopv_c.cnf).
The problem Mrs. Esquivias has is not that she is going to be removed from her job if she
does not learn Basque (This is as false as it is illegal), but that she is running out of
students. Most of the students are taking math in Basque. In other words, more and more
students are electing to have math taught in Basque and not in Spanish, so there is a need
for Basque-speaking math teachers. However, according to the law, Mrs. Esquivias
cannot be removed from her job for not learning Basque.
Indeed, she has the opportunity to take a two year sabbatical, with full salary, in order to
learn Basque. She has elected to do so, not because it has been imposed to her (which
would be illegal under Spanish law), but because she has elected to do so. To suggest
otherwise should be considered an exaggeration or a plain lie.
Moreover, the author should have added that the Basque language is completely banned
in public administration (including, naturally education) in the southern part of the
Historical Community of Navarre (HCN), more precisely in the area named the “non-
Basque speaking zone.” The author should have mentioned that in the Basque territories
of the French state (Pays basque) the Basque language is not official at all.
However, apart from the main point of the article, which is that “Basque inquisitors are
abolishing the right of citizenship to speak Spanish,” which, in our opinion, can only be
said from a complete ignorance of the rule of law or with a clear political bias, the article
makes comments on several linguistic or sociolinguistic principles that have to be
clarified.
The author of the article states that only 630,000 people speak Basque while 450 million
speak Spanish. We can be certain that the author does not mean by that that it is not
worth it to speak or to learn Basque… For, according to that line of reasoning, we all
should be speaking Chinese or Portuguese, or maybe English. However, again, the data
are quite inexact perhaps because, even if the author does not cite the source of
information being used, data as old as that of 1996 has been used to write the article. In
any case, in 1996, the Basque Country had nearly 3,000,000 inhabitants (accurately
2,098,055 of them living at the BAC) and according to the official statistics in 1996, 60%
of the population in the BAC had an average or good mastery of Basque (far from the
30% expressed in the article). The statistics by Eustat and other agencies are available on
the internet. No further research was necessary in order to have accurate data for 2007:
http://www.eustat.es/indice.asp?idioma=i and almost everything is available in English.
There is no excuse not to know. Statements such as “Euskera just isn’t used in real life”
are quite an exaggeration or simply a lack of knowledge of contemporary reality.
From the point of view of the history of language (concretely history of semantics) the
statement expressing that words such as “Airport, science, Renaissance, democracy,
government, and independence,” are all newly minted words with no roots in traditional
Basque, is certainly curious. Clearly, the author does not know Basque, for he does not
know that “Renaissance” is “Berpizkunde” in Basque, or “govern” is “jaurlaritza” or
“independence” is “askatasuna.” As for the rest of his examples, it is noteworthy that
“airport” is “aeropuerto” in Spanish, “aéroport” in French, “aeroporto” in Italian,
“aeroporto” in Portuguese… and so on. “Democracy” is “democracia” in Spanish,
“démocratie” in French, “demokratie” in German, “democrazia” in Italian, “democracia”
in Portuguese… and so on. But, is not that the beauty of language? Is not it delightful to
have words like “democracy” or “telephone” or “penicillin” constructed with ancient
Latin and Greek roots? Over the centuries, languages have given words to each others
and the author may not know that Spanish words such as “bizarro” (bizarre in English),
“izquierda” (left), “chalupa” (boat), “escarcha” (frost), “landa” (field), “mozo” (guy),
“sidra” (cider), “silueta” (silhouette) or “zoquete” (silly), among some 200 others, are of
Basque origin. Should not communication among languages and cultures be celebrated?
Should not human civilization promote the exchange of knowledge instead of defending
isolationism? We are sure that more than one specialist in semantics would answer
affirmatively.
It is simply sad to hear Basque referred to as “an ancient language little suited to
contemporary life…”. We lament knowing that there are still people defending the idea
that there are classes among languages; that some languages are fossils that no longer
evolve. Everything evolves in life; we are sure that all Basque people who work in
schools, Basque writers who have had their original Basque novels translated into more
than 30 languages (Atxaga…), Basque engineers working at technology industries
(Mondragon, CAF…), people working at the edge of technology in the Aeronautic
industry (Aernnova, ITP, Sener, MTorres…) or even developing revolutionary scientific
theories in Basque (Etxenike…) would take issue with Mr. Johnson’s statement.
Moreover, people living in Basque every single day of their lives may think it erroneous
to state that to say “I love you” in ancient Basque is no longer “suitable.” But we all
know who Leopoldo Barreda is (not Barrera as it appears in the article, another error) and
what political party he works for.
We hope that the author of the article has read, one by one, Basque textbooks before
formulating the accusation that “Basque-language textbooks used in schools never tell
students that the Basque Country is part of Spain.” And, if he has, we suggest he should
do it again. He may find himself quite wrong.
Also, the author should review a few books and archives on Basque history, as the
statement “Basque separatists have been waging a struggle for independence from Spain
for 39 years…” appears to be some 200 years off. In fact, the government of Gipuzkoa
asked for independence in 1793, almost 214 years ago, more accurately the claim for
independence in the Basque country is as old as the Spanish and the French states. Just
another error.
We are sure that the Wall Street Journal demands accuracy, seriousness and
responsibility from its collaborators because the raison d'être of an article is to inform
and to provide precise, correct and exact data. We hope that the errors of this politically
biased article will be corrected.
Signatures
1. Teresa Boucher, Chair, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, Boise
State University.
2. Fátima María Cornwall, Spanish Language Coordinator, Modern Languages &
Literatures Department, Boise State University.
3. Iñigo Urrutia, Vice Dean, Faculty of Economy and Professor of Administrative Law,
Department of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and Philosophy of Law,
Faculty of Economy, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Leioa.
4. Nekane Balluerka, Vice Dean, Faculty of Psychology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
5. Robert Clark, Professor Emeritus of International Relations, George Mason
University, Washington DC.
6. Iñaki Zabaleta Urkiola, Chair, Theory, Technique and Technology of Audio-visual
Media, Department of Journalism, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
7. Bernardo Atxaga, Idazle / Writer, Distinguished Scholar at the University of Nevada,
Reno.
8. Pedro Ibarra, Chair, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and
Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Leioa.
9. Pello Salaburu, Chair, Basque Philology, Department of Basque Language, Faculty of
Social Sciences and Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of
the Basque Country.
10. Miren Cajaraville, Chair, Cell Biology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell
Biology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country.
11. José Manuel Castells, Chair, Administrative Law, Faculty of Law, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
12. José Ángel Ascunce Arrieta, Professor of Spanish Culture, Deustuko Unibertsitatea /
University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
13. Laura Mintegi, President of the PEN Club Basque Country, Professor at the
Department of Didactic of the Language and Literature, University Teaching School
of Gasteiz / Gasteizko Irakasleen Unibertsitate Eskola, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
/ University of the Basque Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
14. Rafael Pla López, Professor of Mathematics, Universitat de València / University of
Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
15. Javier Maestro, Professor of Social Movements and Political Thought, Department of
History of the Social Communication, Faculty of Information Sciences, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
16. Maria Cenicacelaya, Professor of Constitutional Law at the Universidad Nacional del
Noroeste de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA) and at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata
(UNLP), Argentina.
17. Jose Antonio Aspiazu, Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law (IISL),
Oñati, Gipuzkoa.
18. Steven Gamboa, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and
Religious Studies, California State University, Bakersfield.
19. José Idoyaga Arrospide, Chair, Department of Audio-Visual Communication and
Publicity, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
20. Joseba Zuazo, Former Dean of the Faculty of Philology, Geography and History,
Professor at the Department of Medieval and Modern American History, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
21. Pilar Vicente Imaz, Director of San Fermin Ikastola, Zizur Txikia, Nafarroa.
22. Juan Madariaga Orbea, Professor of Contemporary History, Nafarroako Unibertsitate
Publikoa / State University of Navarre, Iruñea/Pamplona.
23. Julia Ibarra Murillo, Professor at the Department of Pedagogy & Psychology,
Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa / State University of Navarre, Iruñea/Pamplona.
24. Nagore Iñurrategi Irizar, Professor at the Department of Teaching Processes /
Hezkuntza Prozesuak Departamendua, Faculty of Humanities and Teaching,
Mondragon Unibertsitatea / University of Mondragon, Eskoriatza.
25. Itziar Idiazabal, Professor at the Department of Linguistics and Basque Studies,
Faculty of Philology and Geography and History, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
26. Andrés Zamudio, PhD Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences,
ITESO (Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente), Universidad
Jesuita de Guadalajara / Jesuit University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
27. Jon Sarasua, Director of Lanki Ikertegia / Institute of Co-operative Research,
Mondragon Unibertsitatea / University of Mondragon, Gizpuzkoa.
28. Baleren Bakaikoa, Director of the University Institute, Department of Economy,
Faculty of Law, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
29. Jose Ramon Bengoetxea, Professor of Legal Theory, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
30. Carmen Peñafiel Saiz, Director of the Department of Journalism, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
31. LaVona Andrew, Interpreter Manager/Trainer, Video Remote Interpreting Adjunct
Faculty, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, Boise State University.
32. Xoxe Estévez, Professor of History, Deustuko Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto,
Donostia/San Sebastián.
33. María Eugenia Cruset, Professor of History and Magister of International relations,
Universidad Nacional de La Plata (La Plata, Argentina) and Universidad Católica de
La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
34. Jesus Razkin, Professor of the Chemistry Department, Nafarroako Unibertsitate
Publikoa / State University of Navarre, Iruña/Pamplona.
35. Maite López Flamarique, Professor at the Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de
México, Mexico.
36. Gurutze Ezkurdia Arteaga, Director of the Department of Basque Language at the
Campus of Bizkaia, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Bilbo.
37. Nestor Garay-Vitoria, PhD Student, Linguistic Predictive Systems. Application to
languages with high and low degree of flexion, in the field of Alternative
Communication, Laboratorio de Interacción Persona-Computador para Necesidades
Especiales (LIPCNE), Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country.
38. Leyre Arrieta Alberdi, Professor of History of the Basque Country, Deustuko
Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
39. Iñaki Beti Sáez, Professor of Labor Psychology in Humanities, Deustuko
Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
40. Isabel Recalde Delgado, Professor of French Language and Literature, Deustuko
Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
41. Maite Sagasti Goikoetxea, Head of the Master on European Culture, Deustuko
Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
42. María Luisa San Miguel Casillas, Professor of Contemporary History and Modern
Literature, Deustuko Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
43. Jon Gurutz Olaskoaga, Professor at the Department of Business Management, E.U.E.
Empresariales, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Bilbo.
44. Egoitz Sierra Uria, Professor at the Department of Graphic Expression & Engineering
Projects, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
45. Mikel Aizpuru, Secretary of the Department of Contemporary History, University
School of Labor Relations, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country.
46. Enrike G. Argandoña, Professor of Anatomy, Department of Nursery, Faculty of
Nursery, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Leioa.
47. Jon Nazabal, Polymer Science & Technology Department and Institute for Polymer
Materials “POLYMAT”, Chemistry Faculty, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
48. Mario Zubiaga Garate, Professor at the Department of Political Science, Faculty of
Social Sciences and Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of
the Basque Country, Leioa.
49. Alicia Garza, Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Modern Languages and
Literatures Department, Boise State University.
50. Bingen Ametzaga Iribarren, Director of the Department of Cardiology at the Hospital
Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
51. Jesus L. Garay Hinojal, Professor at the Department of Didactic of the Languages and
Literatures, University Teaching School of Gasteiz / Gasteizko Irakasleen
Unibertsitate Eskola, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
52. Mertxe de Renobales Scheifler, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
53. Gorka Aulestia, Professor of Literature at the Aulas de la Experiencia, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
54. Paulo Iztueta, Retired Professor of History and Sociology of the Language, Faculty of
Pedagogy, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Donostia/San Sebastián.
55. Iñaki Lasagabaster Herrarte, Professor of Administrative Law, Department of
Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and Philosophy of Law, Faculty of
Economy, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
56. Jason Herbeck, French Section Head, Modern Languages and Literatures Department,
at Boise State University.
57. Nina M. Ray, Ph.D., Professor of Marketing and International Business, Boise State
University.
58. Joseba Zulaika, Professor, Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, Reno.
59. Cristina Gutierrez-Canas Mateo, Professor at the Department of Chemical and
Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Bilbo.
60. Óscar Álvarez Gila, Professor of History of America, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
61. Beret Norman, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of German, Modern Languages &
Literatures Department, Boise State University.
62. Xabier Olaizola, Retired Professor of Cost Accounting, Financial Accounting and
Analytical Accounting, Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
63. Joseba M. González Ardeo, Professor at the Department of English and German
Philology, Translation and Interpretation, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University
of the Basque Country.
64. Miren Artiach, Chair Member of the Cenarrusa Foundation for Basque Culture
Board, Boise (Idaho).
65. Ramón Zabala Agirre, Professor of Spanish Language and Literature at the Leizaran
Institute, Andoain.
66. Santi Urrutia, Professor of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences and
Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
67. Pedro Peña, English Teacher at the Azpeitia Institute, Azpeitia, Gipuzkoa.
68. Ibon Cancio Uriarte, Lecturer of Cell Biology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country.
69. Juan Manuel Egia, Director of Information Systems / Informazio-Sistemen
Zuzendaria, Lagun Aro Insurances / Lagun Aro Aseguruak, Basque Country.
70. Idoia Marcellán Baraze, Professor at the Department of Didactic of Music, Art and
Body Expression / Musika, Plastika eta Gorputz adierazpenaren didaktika saila,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
71. Mikel Begiristain, Engineer, Construcciones y Auxiliares de Ferrocarriles (CAF),
Beasain, Gipuzkoa.
72. Alberto Lusarreta, Engineer, Torres de Elortz Corporation, Elortz, Navarre.
73. Alberto Irigoyen Artetxe, Novelist and Essayist, Montevideo, Uruguay.
74. Miren Itxaso Sanchez Morales, Professor of Administrative Law, Department of
Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and Philosophy of Law, Faculty of
Economy, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
75. Agurtzane Goiriena, Professor of Philosophy of Law, Department of Constitutional
Law, Administrative Law and Philosophy of Law, Faculty of Economy, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
76. Mikel Zurbano Irizar, Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
77. Patxi Juaristi Larrinaga, Professor of Politic Sciences, Politic and Administrative
Sciences Department, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country.
78. Adela Colera Herrero, Professor of Spanish Language and Linguistics, Deustuko
Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
79. Maite Garrues Saralegi, Secretary of the Liberal Arts Faculty, Deustuko
Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
80. Eider Landaberea Abad, Professor of Contemporary History, Deustuko Unibertsitatea
/ University of Deusto, Donostia/San Sebastián.
81. José Luis Orella Unzué, Retired Professor of History and Head of the Ignacio de
Loyola Chair, Deustuko Unibertsitatea / University of Deusto, Donostia/San
Sebastián.
82. Xabier Iriondo Arana, Lawyer, Internal Affairs Department, Basque Autonomous
Community’s Administration.
83. Enrique Poittevin Gilmet, Member of Haize Hegoa Institution, Montevideo, Uruguay.
84. Miren Aintzane Saralegui Bastarrica, Member of Haize Hegoa Institution,
Montevideo, Uruguay.
85. Xabier Ezeizabarrena, Ph.D., Lawyer, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of
the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
86. Luis Del Portillo Valdés, Technical Engineering School of Bilbo / Bilboko
Ingeniaritza Goi Eskola Teknikoa, Machines and Thermic Engines Department /
Makina eta Motor Termikoen Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the
Basque Country, Bilbo.
87. Xabier Ostolaza, Professor at the Department of System Engineering & Control,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San
Sebastián.
88. Susin Cano, Member of the Arturo Campion Research Institute, Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
89. José Francisco Domingo Ormaetxea, Member of the Arturo Campion Research
Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
90. Patxi Azparren Olaizola professor of Basque Language and Anthropologist,
Donostia/San Sebastián.
91. Mari Jose Olaziregi, Professor (UNR / EHU-UPV).
92. Maren Ortiz Zarragoitia, Ph.D., Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology,
Department of Zoology and Cell Biology, School of Science and Technology, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
93. Gorka Iturriaga Madariaga, Professor at the Faculty of Physical Sciences and
Activities, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
94. Maitane Arnoso, Professor at the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social
Sciences and Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the
Basque Country, Leioa.
95. Nora Olano Gurrutxaga, Galtzaundi Euskara Taldeko euskara teknikaria, Tolosa,
Gipuzkoa.
96. Nahia Zarzosa Aizpurua, Translator (into English, Basque and Spanish), Lekeitioko
Udala, City Council of Lekeitio, Bizkaia.
97. Iratxe Ibarra, Bertsolaria / Singing-Poet, Markina-Xemein, Bizkaia.
98. Igor Elortza Aranoa, Bertsolaria / Singing-Poet, Durango, Bizkaia.
99. Xebastian Lizaso Iraola, Bertsolaria / Singing-Poet, Azpeitia, Gizpuzkoa.
100. Arantzazu Ametzaga, Liburuzain eta Idazle / Librarian & Writer, Altzuza,
Nafarroa.
101. Nere Erkiaga, Liburuzain / Librarian, Xenpelar Dokumentazio Zentroa / Xenpelar
Documentation Center, Donostia/San Sebastián.
102. Naiara Amezua Valera, Liburuzain / Librarian, Mondragoneko Unibertsitatea,
University of Mondragon, Gipuzkoa.
103. Inaki Irazabalbeitia, Ph.D., Idazle / Writer, Donostia, Gizpuzkoa.
104. Iratxe Gonzalez Vazquez, EITB24.com-eko Itzultzaile / Translator at
EITB24.com, Bilbo, Bizkaia.
105. Iñaki Aurrekoetxea Arkotxa, Irakasle / Teacher, Gernika-Lumo Institute, Gernika
Lumo, Bizkaia.
106. Manu Soto, Professor, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of
Zoology and Cell Biology, School of Science and Technology, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
107. Maite Garmendia Galarregui, Professor at the Department of Didactic of the
Language and Literature, University Teaching School of Gasteiz / Gasteizko
Irakasleen Unibertsitate Eskola, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the
Basque Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
108. Itxaso Astigarraga, Secreatry of BAKUN Itzulpen eta Argitalpen Zerbitzuak,
Translation Corporation, Arroa, Gipuzkoa.
109. Nerea Alberdi, BAKUN Itzulpen eta Argitalpen Zerbitzuak, Translation
Corporation, Arroa, Gipuzkoa.
110. Amaia Andrieu, Professor of Didactic of the Plastic Expression, University
Teaching School of Gasteiz / Gasteizko Irakasleen Unibertsitate Eskola, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
111. Izaskun Kortazar, Spanish Special Lecturer, Modern Languages and Literature
Department, at Boise State University.
112. Iñaki Mendiguren Bereziartu, Idazle eta itzultzaile / Writer & Translator, Ezkio-
Itsaso, Gipuzkoa.
113. Carmelo Aguirre, Pharmacologist, School of Medicine, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Bilbo.
114. Eneritz Pagalday, Professor at the Faculty of Humanities and Education of
Mondragon (HUHEZI), Mondragon Unibertsitatea / University of Mondragon,
Eskoriatza, Gipuzkoa.
115. Zesar Martinez, Professor of Sociology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Leioa.
116. Sarah J. Turtle (ingeles euskaldundua), Irakasle eta itzultzaile / Teacher &
Translator, Ezkio-Itsaso, Gipuzkoa.
117. Josu Iztueta, WW Traveler / Bidaiaria, Tolosa, Gipuzkoa.
118. Migel Mari Elosegi Irurtia, Idazle / Writer, Tolosa, Gipuzkoa.
119. Mirentxu Ametzaga Clark, Idazle / Writer, Burke, Virginia.
120. Joxean Amundarain Iturrioz, Member of the Office for Linguistic Normalization /
Hizkuntza Normalizazioko Teknikaria, Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia / Government of
Gipuzkoa, Gipuzkoa.
121. Eneko Larrañaga Arrizabalaga, Member of Zestoako Bai Euskarari, Zestoa,
Gizpuzkoa.
122. Estepan Plazaola Otadui, Euskara teknikaria, Bergara, Gipuzkoa.
123. Anselmo Vega Vega, Teacher at Angiozarko Eskola, Bergara, Gipuzkoa.
124. Anaje Narbaiza Aldai, Idazle / Writer, Bergara, Gipuzkoa.
125. Estibalitz Ezkerra, Basque Library, University of Nevada, Reno.
126. Ana I. Morales, Translator at the United Nations, New York.
127. Nestor Etxebarria, Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
128. Luis Pedro Gutiérrez Cuenca, Professor at the Department of Music, Art and
Body Expression, Donostiako Irakasleen Unibertsitate Eskola, Donostia/San
Sebastián.
129. Margari León Guereño, Professor at the Donostiako Irakasleen Unibertsitate
Eskolako Irakaslea, Donostia/San Sebastián.
130. Kerman Orbegozo Uribe, Head of Staff General Resources, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
131. Josu Rekalde Atela, Quality, Security & Environment Manager, European
Foundation for Quality Managing, Basque Country.
132. Neskutz Erkiaga Laka, Secretary of Asti-Leku Ikastola, Portugalete, Bizkaia.
133. Goio Etxebarria Kerexeta, Professor of Economy, Faculty of Social Sciences and
Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Leioa.
134. Igor Ahedo, Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science,
Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country, Leioa.
135. Zelai Nikolas Ezkurdia, Lawyer, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
136. Diego Mina Orue, Morgan Stanley, Individual Investors Group / Gestor de
Patrimonios, Iruñea/Pamplona.
137. Pello Irujo, The Thomson Corporation, Zizur Txikia. Nafarroa.
138. Gloria Totoricagüena Egurrola, Ph.D., Basque Global Initiatives, Reno.
139. Joseba Felix Tobar-Arbulu, Professor of History of Science, School of History,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
140. Patxi Aio Cuesta, Miami University of Oxford, Oxford, USA.
141. Maite Alvarado, Professor of Mathematic, Department of Mathematics, School of
Engineering, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Bilbo.
142. Mikel M. Karrera Egialde, Professor of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
143. Antton Olano Irurtia, Itzultzaile / Translator into Basque, Basque Country.
144. Mikel Gaztelumendi, Polymer Science & Technology Department and Institute
for Polymer Materials “POLYMAT”, Chemistry Faculty, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
145. Gorka Bueno, Professor of Engineering at the Department of Telecommunication
and Electronics, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
146. Mari Camen Gil Fombellida, Chair Member of Hamaika Bide Elkartea,
Donostia/San Sebastián.
147. Ane Larrinaga, Professor of Sociology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University
of the Basque Country, Bilbo.
148. Argitxu Camus, Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, Reno.
149. Mariann Vazci, Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, Reno.
150. César Arrondo, Professor of Contemporary History, Universidad Nacional de La
Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
151. Arantza Gutierrez Paz, Professor at the Department of Audio-Visual
Communication and Publicity, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
152. Joxe Mallea-Olaetxe, Historian, University of Nevada, Reno.
153. Leandro Etchichury, Anthropologist, Faculty of Philosophy, Universidad de
Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
154. José M. Rivadeneyra, Professor at the Faculty of Computing Science, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
155. Patxi Sansinenea, Professor of Base Psychology Processes and its Development,
Faculty of Psychology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
156. Igor Filibi Lopez, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and
Communication, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Leioa.
157. Clara Galdos Irazabal, Professor of Mathematics at the Bilboko Magisterio
Eskola, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Bilbo.
158. Eduardo Torry, Professor of Political Science, Universidad de Buenos Aires
(UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
159. Antxon Mendizabal, Professor at the Department of Social Sciences, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Leioa.
160. Jabier Puldain, Professor of Architecture at the Donostiako Arkitektura Goi
Eskola Teknikoa, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Donostia/San Sebastián.
161. Alejandro Simonoff Roa, Ph.D, Professor of International Relations, Universidad
Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
162. Uri Ruiz Bikandi, Professor at the Department of Didactic of the Languages and
Literature, University Teaching School of Gasteiz / Gasteizko Irakasleen
Unibertsitate Eskola, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Gasteiz/Vitoria.
163. Adela Mesa, Professor of Political Sciences and Administration, Department of
Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Leioa.
164. Vilma Sanz, Professor of History, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La
Plata, Argentina.
165. Javier Íñígo y Ochoa de Chinchetru, Professor of Industrial Engineering,
Department of Physics, University School of Engineering of Gasteiz/Vitoria, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
166. Eneko Agirre, Professor at the Computing Science Faculty, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
167. Aitor Payros, Professor at the Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the
Basque Country.
168. Arturo Apraiz, Professor of Geodynamics, Department of Geodynamics /
Geodinamika Saila, Faculty of Science and Technology, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
169. Jesus M. Txurruka, Associate Professor Department of Genetics, Physical
Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Euskal
Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country.
170. Luis Javier Rodríguez Barron, Nutritional Technology / Elikagaien Tecnología,
Faculty of Pharmacy / Farmazia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country.
171. Aitzol Zuloaga Izaguirre, Professor at the Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication, School of Engineering of Bilbo / Bilboko Ingeniaritza Goi
Eskola Teknikoa, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country,
Bilbo.
172. Joxerra Aihartza, Professor at the Department of Zoology and Animal Cell
Biology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea /
University of the Basque Country.
173. Olatz Garcia Zabalbeitia, Professor of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics,
School of Engineering, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Bilbo.
174. Bertol Arrieta Kortajarena, Professor of Computing Systems and Languages,
Faculty of Computing, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque
Country, Donostia/San Sebastián.
175. Igor Peñalva Bengoa, Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Department of Nuclear
Engineering / Ingeniaritza Nuklearra eta Jariakinen Mekanika Saila, School of
Engineering of Bilbo / Bilboko Ingeniaritza Goi Eskola Teknikoa, Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea / University of the Basque Country, Bilbo.
176. Maider Arizmendiarreta Astarloa, Professor at the Department of Stomatology,
Faculty of Medicine & Odontology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea / University of the
Basque Country.
177. Martxelo Otamendi, Berria egunkariko zuzendari / Director of Berria Newspaper,
Martin Ugalde Kultur Parkea, Andoain, Gipuzkoa.
178. Michael J. Bidart, Trial Lawyer, Claremont, California.
179. Xabier Irujo, Professor of Contemporary History of the Basque Country, Center
for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, Reno.
180. Pete Cenarrusa, Former Secretary of State of Idaho (1967-2003), Boise, Idaho.